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Amorphous
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Lacking distinct crystalline structure
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Annealing
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Glass is heated high enough in a lehr to relieve internal stresses and then slowly cooled to avoid creating new stresses
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Bait
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A structure of open ironwork dropped into the molten glass in a furnace and then drawn out of the furnace pulling the viscous glass with it to start a continuous flow
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Blowing iron
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Hollow metal shaft used to blow shapes in molten glass attached to one end
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Borosilicate glass
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The addition of borax creates glass resistant to chemical attack and high temperatures |
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Break-out
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The process of separating glass along a score line
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Cullet
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Pulverized pieces of scrap glass which are conveyed to the furnace to add to the molten glass
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Cut Running
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The process of extending a fissure through the glass to the full length of the score
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Cutting wheel
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A tungsten carbide or heat treated steel wheel honed to a specific angle and mounted on an axle so it can be rolled along the surface of glass producing a crack
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Double glazing
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Two sheets of window glass sealed at their edges and leaving an air space to provide insulation
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Double strength
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Flat glass thickness of about 1/8 inch
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Fiber optics
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Bundles of high refractive index glass fibers assembled in parallel strips separated by low reflective index glass can transmit images
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Fissure
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A crack in glass produced by rolling a glass cutting wheel on the glass surface
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Flashing
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Dipping a blown shape of glass into molten glass of a contrasting color
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Float glass
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A continuous process in which a ribbon of glass travels horizontally from the furnace into a chamber where it floats in a bath of molten tin at 1500° F which polishes the glass surface
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Frit
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A dry mixture of the ingredients required to make glass which are conveyed to the furnace and sprinkled into the molten glass at a rate to maintain a constant level as glass is drawn from the furnace
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Gage glass
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Glass tubes made of heat resistant borosilicate glass used to show liquid level in boilers |
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Gather
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The glob of molten glass attached to the end of the blowing iron
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Glass
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Any of a large class of materials that solidify from the molten state without crystallization, are generally transparent or translucent, and are regarded physically as super-cooled liquids rather than true solids
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Glazier
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One who cuts and fits window glass
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Grozing pliers
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Pliers with serrated jaws to scrape away sharp edges of glass
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Hackles
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These are small crescent shape cracks which make up the fissure
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Kiln
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A furnace used to melt materials such as glass
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Lead glass (crystal)
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Potassium-silicate formulas plus lead oxide are added to the molten glass
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Lehr
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An annealing furnace used to heat and slowly cool glass
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Marvering
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The initial shaping of glass on a blowing iron before blowing to finished shape
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Nipping pliers
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Tool used to trim projections from a glass edge; or to separate scored glass
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Pillar Post
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The device that holds a glass cutting wheel in proper alignment to produce a fissure in the glass
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Pontil
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A solid metal shaft which adheres to molten glass providing the glass worker with a handle with which to physically shape and work the glass
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Safety glass
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Glass resistant to penetration by impact, or constrained from projecting shards of glass when fractured. Examples are laminated, wire, tempered, and chemically hardened
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Shark's Teeth
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Deep cracks in the fissure caused by excessive pressure
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Silica
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The basic ingredient of glass
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Single strength
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Flat glass thickness of about 1/16 inch
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Stained glass
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Highly colored molten glass poured on a flat steel table to cool. Color created by addition of various metals and chemical compounds
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Vent
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The start of a break-out
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